Problems

Air and noise pollution is growing in Cambodia. Air pollution causes a series of significant health problems including asthma, chronic bronchitis, decreased lung function, and premature death [1]. In accordance with the World Health Organization's guidelines, the air quality in Cambodia is considered moderately unsafe, with the most recent data indicating the country's annual mean concentration of PM2.5 exceeds the recommended maximum of 10 µg/m3 [2]. In addition, Cambodia ranked 125th out of 180 countries in the Environmental Performance Index (EPI) for air quality in 2020 [3]. Available data indicates that Phnom Penh has consistently high levels of air pollution [2].

Solid waste pollution has grown at a rate of 10% annually [1]. Solid waste management needs to improve in all municipalities and localities, especially to address hazardous waste, persistent organic pollutants, electronic and electrical waste, and plastic waste [1]. According to a 2015 study conducted by the Institute of Technology of Cambodia and the Cambodian Education and Waste Management Organization (COMPED), Phnom Penh produced about 1,286 tons of solid waste per day in 2013. By 2030, it is estimated that this will more than double to 3,112 tons per day [4], [5].

Liquid waste pollution and chemical waste pollution are also problems in Cambodia. The most critical sources of liquid waste pollution are from dyeing and washing factories, factories that use chemical compounds, power plants etc. [1]. In Cambodia, arsenic is the most critical chemical groundwater contaminant affecting a very large area and causing severe health consequences for those consuming contaminated water over a long period of time. Arsenic concentrations in Cambodia have been found as high as 3,000 ppb in places, remarkably higher than the WHO drinking water quality standard of 10 ppb [6].

The Lancet Commission on Pollution and Health reported that 15,500 Cambodians died from pollution-related disease in 2015, predominantly from air pollution.

Causes
Responses
Opportunities